Are regional stages necessary?

The bipartition of the Carboniferous System adopted by the International Commission of Stratigraphy for the world stratigraphic chart is impractical in Gondwana. Correlation with thePaleoequatorialrealm, from the Late Viséan to the Early Permian inclusive, is n ot possible by paleontologic means because ofendemism ofthebiotaFil: Gonzalez, Carlos Roberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Fundación Miguel Lillo. Dirección de Geología; Argentin

Rationale behind the responses of monetary policy to the real exchange rate in small open economies

We estimate how monetary policy works in small open economies. To do so, we build a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model that incorporates the basic features of these economies. We conclude that the monetary policy in a group of small open economies (including Australia, Chile, Colombia, Peru and New Zealand) is rather similar to that observed in developed countries. Nevertheless, our results also indicate that there are strong differences due to shocks from the international financial markets (risk premium shocks, mainly) that explain mostly the variability of the real exchange rate, which has important reallocation effects in the short run. In addition, we find that in practice central banks do not face any trade-off responding to these shocks through changes in the interest rate. This result is consistent with the fact that in each country under study, the exchange rate must be included in the policy reaction function.small open economy models; monetary policy rules; exchange rates; Bayesian econometrics

Comparisons of LSMS-ISA data collection and dissemination efforts in Central America

This paper was presented in The Third Wye Global Conference. The Wye City Group on Rural Statistics and Agricultural Household Income is hosting its third global conference on agricultural and rural household statistics. The conference will be hosted by the Economic Research Service of the United States Department of Agriculture and is cosponsored by the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations and the World Bank. Conference objectives Support the U.N. • Global Strategy to Improve Agricultural and Rural Statistics by highlighting international needs and opportunities to improve statistics on rural and farm households, and strengthen the process of collecting and disseminating statistics on rural and farm households in OECD and developing countries; and • Review and discuss revisions to the Wye Group Handbook on Rural Households’ Livelihood and Well-Being, and preparation of a Supplement to the Handbook on issues related to agricultural and rural statistics in developing countries.Panel Data, LSMS-ISA, MECOVI., Research Methods/ Statistical Methods, C83, P52, E61.,

Wages and employment in non-farm agricultural activities: a livelihood strategy in Nicaragua.

This article analyzes the indices for nonfarm agricultural activities, which combine agricultural activities with both employment and wages. They were made with panel data of the Living Measurement Standard Survey (1993, 1998, 2001 and 2005) and they were processed with econometric model as a parametric technique (Binary dependent variable model). The trend indices explain the varied combination of nonfarm and farming agricultural activities. In summary, when the economic public policy makers promote preventative measures in the labour market, we see that indices for nonfarm agricultural activities grow. In fact, small farmers use first, second and third nonfarm employment as livelihood strategies for clashing the public policy restrictive.RMEA, RMNFA, RSEA, RSENFA, RTEA, RTNFA, RMWAI, RMWNFAI, RSWAI, RSWNFAI, RTWAI, RTWNFAI, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Labor and Human Capital, Research Methods/ Statistical Methods,

Technical efficiency of Organic Fertilizer in small farms of Nicaragua: 1998-2005

This article applies frontier production function analysis to small farms in Nicaragua during 1998-2005 (Battese and Coelli, 1988). The objective of this study is to estimate an average function that will provide a picture of the shape of the organic fertilizer technology of an average firm (in our case, agricultural production units). Furthermore I present a best-practice of organic fertilizer against which the efficiency of the firms within the primary sector can be measured (Coelli, T: 1995). The results show an average of technical efficiency acceptable which the makers of public policy in Nicaragua must considerer for the future. It is imperative if we consider an economy activity indexes that have increased during this period.Technical Efficiency, LSMS, Organic Fertilizer, Small Farm, Panel Data, Agribusiness, Production Economics, Productivity Analysis,

The Impact of the financial and Economic Crisis on Central America: An Expenditure GDP approach

The 2009 conferences will provide many opportunities for the presentation of important new research and for productive, structured dialogue on the major challenges facing the global response to the financial crisis. Conference organisers are developing a wide variety of session types that meet the needs of various participants and support collective efforts to communities worldwide. Central to many of these sessions will be the transfer of knowledge and sharing of best practices.Expenditure GDP approach, Financial Crisis, Economic impact, Regression Analysis, Public Economics, E23, E61, F43, H50,

Coeovolutionary Threshold Dynamics

We present a generic threshold model for the co-evolution of the structure of a network and the state of its nodes. We focus on regular directed networks and derive equations for the evolution of the system toward its absorbing state. It is shown that the system displays a transition from a connected phase to a fragmented phase that depends on its initial configuration. Computer simulations are performed and confirm the theoretical predictions.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

Les sciences de la communication. Théories et acquis de Bruno Ollivier

Sin duda, una de las ciencias sociales que se han venido desarrollando en nuestro mundo contemporáneo es la disciplina llamada Ciencias de la Comunicación, a veces nombrada también Ciencias de la Información y de la Comunicación, para hacer la distinción entre información y comunicación como dos fenómenos de un mismo proceso. Por razones obvias y a diferencia de sus ciencias hermanas como la Sociología, la Historia y la Política, las Ciencias de la Comunicación (como disciplina) ha sido vista, no por pocos, como una ciencia carente de un cuerpo teórico-metodológico propio, “digno” de una ciencia a justo título. Sin embargo, se trata de una visión injusta cuando se revisa su historia de los últimos ochenta años. Revisión que justamente realiza Bruno Ollivier, en una de sus más recientes obras: Les sciences de la communication. éories et acqui